Every Material Offers Some Resistance or Opposition to The flow Electric Current Through it, Good Conductors such as Copper and Aluminum Offer Very Little Resistance. Poor Conductors or Insulator Such as Glass, Wood and Paper Offer a High Resistance to Current Flow.
The Size and type of Materials of the Wire in an Electric Circuit are chosen to keep the electrical resistance as low as possible. In this Way, Current can flow easily through the conductors.
Temperature also affects the resistance of electrical conductors to some extent. In most conductors the resistance increases with temperature. The relative resistance of several conductors of the same length and cross section metals are arranged in order of ascending resistance.
COPPER
108
GOLD
140
ALUMINUM
180
PLATINIUM
700
LEAD
1350
CONDUCTOR
Conductor of a cable or core. The conducting portion, consisting of a Single wire or of a group of wires Assembled together and in contact with each other or connected in Parallel.
CONDUCTOR MATERIALS AS PER B.S & I.E.C As per B.S 6360 : 1991
The Conductor shall consist of one of the following:
Plain or Metal-Coated Annealed Copper
Plain or Metal-Coated Hard-Drawn Copper
Plain Aluminum
As per I.E.C 228 :1987
The Conductor may consist of:
Plain or Metal-Coated Annealed Copper;
or Plain or Metal-Coated Aluminum or Aluminum Alloy;
or Metal-Clad Aluminum;
or Metal-Coated Metal-Clad Aluminum.
NOTE
For Cables the Copper material shall consist of well Annealed
Electrolytic Copper wires. The wires shall be free from oxide flakes
and other defects.
Some Mechanical and Electrical Characteristics of Copper and Aluminum Materials are Given Below:
CHARACTERISTICS OF CONDUCTOR MATERIALS
Characteristics
Unit
Annealed
Copper
Hard-drawn
Copper
Aluminium
Conductivity
%
99.99
97
61
Volume
Resistivity
at 20°C
Ohm-mm3 / Mtr.
0.017241
0.017771
0.028264
Maximum
Density at 20°C
gram / cm3
8.89
8.89
2.703
Mass
resistivity at 20°C
Ohm-gram / Mtr.
0.15328
0.15741
0.076398
Resistance at
20°C
Ohm-mm2 / km..
17.241
17.771
28.264
Temperature
Coefficient
of Resistance
Per Degree
0.0393
0.0384
0.0403
Ultimate Level
stress
(Approximate)
Kg./mm2
25.3
42.2
16.5
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COPPER CATHODE PLATE
(RAW MATERIAL OF HARD-DRAWN COPPER ROD)
PRODUCT: COPPER
CATHODE PLATES.
SPECIFICATION: TO LME STANDARD
GRADE 99.99% PURITY ( TOLERANCE OF 0.03% )